프라그마틱 데모 Pragmatic KR and Semantics
A variety of contemporary pragmatics theories based on philosophy focus on semantics. Brandom for instance is a focus on the meaning of words (albeit from a pragmatic perspective).
Others take an approach that is more holistic to pragmatics, such as relevance theory, which aims to determine how an utterance is understood by the hearer. This approach tends to ignore other elements of pragmatics, like epistemic discussions on truth.
What is pragmatism?
Pragmatism is a philosophical perspective that provides a different perspective to analytic philosophy and continental philosophy. Charles Sanders Peirce conceived the concept, and William James extended it. Later, Josiah Royce developed the philosophy. It had a profound effect on the fields of inquiry from theology and philosophy to philosophy of science as well as ethics and politics, as well as the philosophy of language. The pragmatist tradition continues grow.
The fundamental premise of classical pragmatism is the pragmatic maxim, a rule for clarifying the significance of hypotheses by exploring their 'practical implications that they have for specific circumstances. This is the basis for an epistemological view that is a form 'inquiry epistemology based on inquiry' and an anti Cartesian explanation of the rules that govern inquiry. The early pragmatists were divided on whether pragmatism was a scientific philosophy that embraced the view that truth is a monism (following Peirce) or a broad alethic pluralitism (James & Dewey).
A major concern for philosophers of the pragmatist tradition is understanding what knowledge actually is. Certain pragmatists, like Rorty are likely to be skeptical of knowledge that rests on the basis of 'instantaneous' experiences. Others, such as Peirce or James, are skeptical of the correspondence theory, which holds that true beliefs are those which accurately reflect reality.
Other issues in pragmatism include the relationship between beliefs and reality and the nature of human rationality, the importance of virtues and values and the meaning of life. Pragmatists have also come up with a wide range of theories and methods in areas such as semiotics philosophy of language, philosophy of religion, ethics, philosophy of science and theology. Some, like Peirce and Royce, are epistemological relativists. However, others argue that such relativism is completely wrong. The 20th century was marked by an increase in interest in classical pragmatics. This led to a myriad of new developments. They include a "near-side" pragmatics which is focused on the resolution of ambiguity, indexicals, demonstratives, and anaphors as well as an "far-side" pragmatics that looks at the semantics in discourses.
What is the relation between what is said and what happens?
Semantics and Pragmatics are often seen as being on opposite ends of a continuum, with semantics on the near side and pragmatics on the other. Carston for instance asserts that modern pragmatics has at least three principal lines: those who view it as an approach to philosophy that is reminiscent of Grice, those who focus its interaction with grammar, and those who are concerned about the interpretation of utterances. Near-side pragmatics is thought to include such issues as resolution of ambiguity and vagueness as well as references to proper names, indexicals and demonstratives, anaphors and presupposition. It is also believed to cover some issues that involve definite descriptions.
What is the relation between pragmatics and semantics?
Pragmatics is the study of meaning in language placed within context. It is a subset of linguistics and looks at the way people employ words to convey various meanings. It is often compared to semantics, which examines the literal meaning of words within a sentence or larger chunk of discourse.
The relationship between pragmatism and semantics is complex. The major difference is that pragmatics thinks about other aspects besides literal meanings of words, including the intended meaning and the context that a statement was made. This allows a more nuanced understanding of the meaning of a sentence. Semantics also focuses on the relationship between words whereas pragmatics focuses more on the connections between interlocutors and their context features.
In recent years the neopragmatism movement has been focusing heavily on the philosophy of metaphilosophy and language. This has mostly departed from the metaphysics of classical pragmatism as well as value theory. However, some neopragmatists are developing a metaethics based on classical pragmatism's ideas of pragmatics and experiences.
Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and others were among the first to introduce classical pragmatics. Both were influential thinkers who wrote numerous books. Their writings are popular in the present.
Although pragmatism can be a good alternative to the continental and analytic philosophical mainstream, it is not without its critics. Some philosophers, for example, have argued that deconstructionism is not a truly new philosophical approach and that pragmatism simply represents the form of.
In addition to these criticisms, pragmatism has been challenged by scientific and technological developments. For instance, pragmatists have struggled to reconcile their views on science with the development of evolutionary theory, which was created by a non-pragmatist Richard Dawkins.
Despite these difficulties, pragmatism continues to grow in popularity across the globe. It is a third option to analytic and Continental philosophical traditions, and it has a variety of practical application. It is a rapidly growing area of inquiry that has numerous schools of thought developing and incorporating elements of pragmatism into their own philosophy. If you are interested in learning more about pragmatism or incorporating it in your day-to-day life, there are many sources available.